It has been discovered that the short-term effects of cannabis can be modified by an individual's level of vulnerability to psychosis. Studies have not excluded participants who consumed THC, nor did they systematically evaluate THC consumption over time, so it is impossible to rule out an interaction between cannabis or other substances and the effect of CBD on symptoms. Surprisingly, CBD not only relieves anxiety, but it also reduces psychotic symptoms commonly caused by THC. Additionally, there is a high rate of mislabeling and lack of standardization in the online market for CBD products. Different species of cannabis are bred to produce varying levels of cannabinoids, particularly -trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which have different effects.
Research has been conducted on CBD and its potential use for neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, depression, and dystonia, as well as for diseases and conditions involving other organs and systems such as inflammation, immune response, ischemia, diabetes, cancer, and many others. The results showed that CBD had a significant impact on non-motor symptoms including activities of daily living and behavioral sleep disorder with rapid eye movements. A noteworthy point is that studies that found a positive effect from increasing CBD (62-6) did not exclude participants with CUD or those currently using cannabis and did not carefully measure cannabis use throughout the study period. These trials found a partial normalization of the circuits involved in verbal learning and memory (8) and motivational salience (8) after a single dose of CBD. The antipsychotic effect of CBD is not limited to patients with schizophrenia.
In a 6-week double-blind parallel-group RCT with a higher dose of CBD (500 mg twice daily), compared to placebo, the CBD group showed greater improvement in positive symptoms (3.2 compared to the CBD group). The amisulpride group only improved in sustained attention and visuomotor coordination while the amisulpride group improved in working memory. The exact pharmacological mechanisms underlying the antipsychotic action of CBD are still unknown as this compound appears to interfere with neurotransmitter systems in various ways. The results showed that CBD induced a significant improvement in non-motor symptoms including activities of daily living and behavioral sleep disorder with rapid eye movements. In the US, there are concerns about the use of artisanal and unregulated CBD enriched with cannabis which can be easily purchased in most parts of the country. When examining the effects of CBD as an addition to conventional antipsychotic medications, modest improvements in cognition and the impact of patients' illness on their quality of life and overall functioning were observed.
